《论语》是记载中国古代著名思想家、教育家、儒家学派创始人孔子及其弟子言行的语录体著作,是儒家学派最重要的经典,集中体现了孔子及儒家学派的政治主张、伦理思想、道德观念及教育原则。《论语》所确立的观念、范畴、原则和理论,对后世影响极大,是中华民族最可宝贵的历史文化典籍。历史上,以《论语》为代表的孔子及儒家思想对朝鲜半岛、日本、东南亚等地区产生过深远影响,形成影响广泛的儒家文化圈。当前,儒家思想对世界的和平与发展显现出越来越重要的意义。本书精选《论语》最具代表性的100句(章)原文,精确释析,精心翻译,并配绘精美插图,为了解中华儒家文化提供一个优质读本。
虞劲松,广西师范大学出版社副编审。
沈 菲,广西外事办公室翻译室副主任。
蓝学会、郑振铭,广西艺术学院设计学院教师。
张葆全,广西师范大学教授,广西儒学学会名誉会长,广西儒学学会孔子学院名誉院长。
汤文辉,广西师范大学出版社副总编辑。
刘志强,广西民族大学东南亚语言文化学院院长,教授。
目 录
1.学而时习之
2.君子务本
3.吾日三省吾身
4.入则孝,出则弟
5.贤贤易色
6.慎终追远
7.温良恭俭让
8.礼之用,和为贵
9.贫而乐,富而好礼
10.为政以德
11.道之以德,齐之以礼
12.三十而立,四十而不惑
13.温故而知新
14.学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆
15.知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也
16.言寡尤,行寡悔,禄在其中矣
17.人而无信,不知其可也
18.损益可知
19.人而不仁,如礼何
20.礼,与其奢也,宁俭
21.君使臣以礼,臣事君以忠
22.君子无终食之间违仁
23.朝闻道,夕死可矣
24.义之与比
25.不患无位,患所以立
26.吾道一以贯之
27.君子喻于义,小人喻于利
28.见贤思齐
29.事父母几谏
30.言之不出,耻躬之不逮也
31.以约失之者鲜矣
32.讷于言而敏于行
33.闻一以知十
34.朽木不可雕也
35.老者安之,朋友信之,少者怀之
36.箪食瓢饮不改其乐
37.文质彬彬,然后君子
38.知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者
39.知者乐水,仁者乐山
40.己欲立而立人,己欲达而达人
41.学而不厌,诲人不倦
42.举一反三
43.从吾所好
44.不义而富且贵,于我如浮云
45.三人行,必有我师焉
46.我欲仁,斯仁至矣
47.士不可以不弘毅,任重而道远
48.兴于《诗》
49.子绝四
50.叩其两端
51.后生可畏
52.匹夫不可夺志
53.岁寒,然后知松柏之后凋也
54.知者不惑,仁者不忧,勇者不惧
55.厩焚问人
56.未知生,焉知死
57.克己复礼为仁
58.四海之内皆兄弟
59.百姓不足,君孰与足
60.君君,臣臣,父父,子子
61.君子成人之美
62.子帅以正,孰敢不正
63.苟子之不欲,虽赏之不窃
64.仁者爱人
65.先有司,赦小过,举贤才
66.名不正,则言不顺
67.其身正,不令而行
68.富而后教
69.欲速则不达
70.和而不同
71.刚毅木讷,近仁
72.士而怀居,不足以为士矣
73.君子耻其言而过其行
74.知其不可而为之
75.修己以安百姓
76.君子固穷
77.杀身成仁
78.工欲善其事,必先利其器
79.人无远虑,必有近忧
80.躬自厚而薄责于人
81.不以言举人,不以人废言
82.己所不欲,勿施于人
83.小不忍则乱大谋
84.众恶之,必察焉
85.人能弘道
86.过而不改,是谓过矣
87.当仁,不让于师
88.有教无类
89.不患寡而患不均,不患贫而患不安
90.君子有三戒
91.性相近也,习相远也
92.好仁不好学,其蔽也愚
93.饱食终日,无所用心,难矣哉
94.往者不可谏,来者犹可追
95.士见危致命,见得思义
96.博学笃志,切问近思
97.学而优则仕
98.君子之过也,如日月之食焉
99.因民之所利而利之
100.不知命,无以为君子也
Contents
1.To learn and review from time to time what is learned
2.The man of noble character devotes himself to the fundamentals
3.I examine myself several times a day
4. Fulfill their filial duties at home and obey their elder brothers when away from home
5.Value virtues more than lust upon a young woman
6. Carefully attend to the funeral rites of one’s parents and earnestly worship one’s ancestors
7.Gentleness, kindness, courtesy, restraint and magnanimity
8.In the practice of rites, harmony is to be prized
9. The person is poor, but finds delight in pursuing knowledge, or rich, but observing the rites
10.Rule a country on the basis of morality
11. The general public is directed by moral education and constrained by Rites
12. Establish myself at 30 and have no doubts about the world at 40
13.Derive new reflections from reviewing what one’s learnt
14. He who is steeped in learning but neglecting thinking feels perplexed while he who is absorbed in thinking but neglecting learning puts himself in danger
15.Say yes when you know and no when you don’t, it’s the wisdom
16. With fewer mistakes in your words and fewer regrets in your deeds, you can obtain a government position and receive an official’s salary
17. An untrustworthy person cannot establish himself in the world
18.what is subtracted and added is knowable
19.How can a person with no humaneness observe rites
20.Being economical is better than extravagant at ritual ceremonies
21. The ruler should use his ministers in accordance with rites and his ministers should serve his ruler with loyalty
22. The man of noble character will never deviate from humaneness for even the time of a simple meal
23. If I know the Way in the morning, I can die without regrets at night
24. The man of noble character takes action in accordance with righteousness
25. One should worry not about obtaining no official positions, but about not qualified for that position
26.There is one main thread throughout my teaching
27. The man of noble character understands righteousness while the mean man knows only profits
28.When you see the man with virtues, try to emulate him
29. When waiting on parents, children should euphemistically persuade their parents into correcting their mistakes
30.Being slow to speak for fear of not suiting their deeds to their words
31.Self-disciplined people scarcely make any mistakes
32.Being slow to speak, but quick to act
33.Infer ten things from one he has learnt
34.Rotten wood cannot be carved
35. The elder are taken good care of and live in comfort, friends trust each other and the young have good examples to follow
36. Remain cheerful with only a small bamboo basket of rice to eat and a gourdful of water to drink
37. With perfect mix of simplicity and refinement, one can be called the man of noble character
38.Liking it is better than understanding it while enjoying it is the best
39.The wise love water while the humane love mountains
40. If you want to be established, help others be established. If you want to achieve success, help others achieve their success
41.Learn and never feel content. Teach tirelessly
42.Draw inferences about other cases from one instance
43.Follow my own inclinations
44.Wealth and rank achieved by improper means are like floating clouds
45.There is always someone for me to learn from
46.If I want to achieve it, the humaneness will be at hand
47. A scholar should be unyielding for he shoulders a heavy responsibility and has a long way to go
48.The Book of Songs inspires us
49.The master is free of the four defects
50.Inquire about both pros and cons of the question
51.The young deserve to be treated with awe
52.A man will not be deprived of his aspirations
53. It’s not until the weather turns extremely cold can we see the leaves of pines and cypresses are the last to wither and fall
54. The wise have no puzzlement, the humane have no worries and the brave have no fears
55.Ask about casualty after the stable caught a fire
56.We have not yet known life, how can we know death?
57.Discipline yourself and act in accordance with rites. It’s humaneness
58.All men under heaven are his brothers
59. If the common people are wanting in money, how can the sovereign have enough to spend?
60. The ruler should behave like a ruler, the minister like a minister, the father like a father, and the son like a son
61.The man of noble character helps others achieve their virtuous purposes
62.If you are an upright ruler, who else will not be upright?
63. If you are not greedy for money, you will not see burglars even though rewarding people for being burglars
64.The humane love others
65. Set a good example and forgive the small mistakes of others and promote people with talents and virtues
66.If the name is not correct, the words won’t be justified
67. If the ruler acts properly, the common people will obey him without being ordered to
68.Educate people after they become rich
69.Speed hinders you from achieving goals
70.Seek harmony rather than uniformity
71. Fortitude, perseverance, artlessness and discreet are close to humaneness
72. He who is reluctant to give up his comfort family life is unworthy of a scholar
73. The man of noble character is ashamed of too much talk but not enough action
74.Knowing it’s of no use, but keeping on doing it
75. Cultivate yourself and make the common people live in happiness and peace
76. When in destitution, the man of noble character will preserve his moral integrity
77.Sacrifice his life for humaneness…
78.A craftsman must sharpen his tools first if he is to do his work well
79.He who lacks long-term plans will have worries at hand
80.Reproach others less and question yourself more
81. Do not recommend a person because of his words. Do not ignore a person’s good suggestions because of his deeds
82.Do not impose on others what you yourself do not desire
83.Lack of patience in small matters leads to the disruption of great plans
84.If one is hated by all, find out reasons
85.It’s men who carry forward the Way
86.A mistake is a real mistake if not corrected
87. Students don’t have to be inferior to their teachers concerning humaneness
88.Teach all with no discrimination
89. The trouble lies not in a small population but in uneven distribution of wealth, not in poverty but in instability
90.The man of noble character should always guard against three things
91.By nature, men are much alike; but in practice, they are far apart
92.He who likes humaneness but dislikes learning will be fooled
93.How can he with a full stomach but empty head achieve something?
94.The past cannot be retrieved, yet the future can be remedied
95. Scholars sacrifice their lives in times of danger, keep righteousness in mind in front of profits
96. Learn extensively while sticking to one’s interests, ask questions earnestly and give more thoughts to the current issues
97. A scholar, after completing his learning, should devote himself to duties as an official
98. Mistakes made by the man of noble character are like eclipses of the sun and the moon
99.Direct people to get what are beneficial to them
100.He who doesn’t know his destiny will not be the man of noble character
总 序
文化交流对人类社会的存在与发展至关重要。季羡林先生曾指出,文化交流是推动人类社会前进的主要动力之一,文化一旦产生,就必然交流,这种交流是任何力量也阻挡不住的。由于文化交流,世界各民族的文化才能互相补充,共同发展,才能形成今天世界上万紫千红的文化繁荣现象。
中国与东盟国家的文化交流亦然,并且具有得天独厚的优势。首先,中国与东盟许多国家地理相接,山水相连,不少民族之间普遍存在着跨居、通婚现象,这为文化交流奠定了良好的地理与人文基础。其次,古代中国与世界其他国家建立起的“海上丝绸之路”为中国与东盟国家的经济、文化交流创造了有利的交通条件。
中国与东盟诸多使用不同语言文字的民族进行思想与文化对话,自然离不开翻译。翻译活动一般又分为口译和笔译两类。有史记载的中国与东盟之间的口译活动可以追溯至西周时期,但严格意义上的笔译活动则出现在明代,至今已逾五百年的历史。
在过去五百年的历史长河中,东盟国家大量地译介了中国的文化作品,其中不少已经融入到本国的文化中去。中国译介东盟国家的作品也不在少数。以文字为载体的相互译介活动,更利于文化的传承与发展,把中国与东盟国家的文化交流推上了更高的层次。
2013年9月,国务院总理李克强在广西南宁举行的第十届中国—东盟博览会开幕式上发表主旨演讲时指出,中国与东盟携手开创了合作的“黄金十年”。他呼吁中国与东盟百尺竿头更进一步,创造新的“钻石十年”。2013年10月,习近平总书记在周边外交工作座谈会上强调要对外介绍好我国的内外方针政策,讲好中国故事,传播好中国声音,把中国梦同周边各国人民过上美好生活的愿望、同地区发展前景对接起来,让命运共同体意识在周边国家落地生根。于是,把中华文化的经典译介至东盟国家,不仅具有重要的历史意义,同时还蕴含着浓厚的时代气息。
所谓交流,自然包括“迎来送往”,《礼记》有言:“往而不来,非礼也;来而不往,亦非礼也。”中国与东盟国家一样,既翻译和引进外国的优秀文化,同时也把本国文化的精髓部分推介出去。作为中国最具人文思想的出版社之一——广西师范大学出版社构想了《东方智慧丛书》,并付诸实践,不仅是中国翻译学界、人文学界的大事,更是中国与东盟进行良好沟通、增进相互了解的必然选择。广西民族大学作为翻译工作的主要承担方,是国家外语非通用语本科人才培养基地,拥有东盟语言文字的翻译优势。两个单位的合作将能够擦出更多的火花,向东盟国家更好地传播中华文化。
联合国教科文组织的官员认为,“文化交流是新的全球化现象”。 我们希望顺应这一历史潮流与时代趋势,做一点力所能及的事。
是为序。
刘志强
《东方智慧丛书》精心挑选代表中华文化的《论语》《老子》《弟子规》等几十种典籍或专题,以全译、节译的方式翻译成东盟十国八种官方语言(泰语、越南语、印尼语、马来语、老挝语、缅甸语、柬埔寨语、英语),以纸质和数字图书形态实现中华经典文化在东盟的规模化、零障碍传播。丛书总的出版规模计划100种(册),文图并茂,精装彩印,力求读者喜闻乐见。《论语选译》汉英对照本,精选《论语》最具代表性的100句(章)原文精确释析,并做英语对照翻译,是英语人群学习了解中华文化的必读入门书。
1.学而时习之
【原文】
子曰:“学而时习之,不亦说乎?有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎?”
《论语•学而》1.1章
【释文】
孔子说:“学了又按时温习和练习,不是很愉快吗?有志同道合的人从远方来,不是很令人高兴的吗?人家不了解我,我也不怨恨、恼怒,不也是一个有德的君子吗?”
【解析】
本章提出以学习为乐事,做到人不知而不愠,反映出孔子学而不厌、诲人不倦、注重修养、严格要求自己的主张。
1. To learn and review from time to time what is learned
【Source】
The Master said, “Is it not a pleasure to learn and review from time to time what is learned? Is it not a delight to have friends coming from afar? Is it not the man of noble character who bears no grudges when not being recognized? ”
The Analects•Xue Er Chapter1.1
【Comments】
The chapter emphasizes taking learning as a great pleasure and not feeling angry when not being recognized. It reflects the view of Confucius on having insatiable desire to learn, teaching tirelessly and focusing on self-cultivation and self-discipline.
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